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Botox may be a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium botulinus and related species. It prevents the discharge of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the myoneural junction and thus causes the nervous disorder. Infection with the bacterium causes the disease botulism. The toxin is additionally used commercially for medical and cosmetic purposes.
There are seven main sorts of neurotoxin, named type A–G. New types are occasionally found. Types A and B are capable of causing disease in humans, and also are used commercially and medically. Types C–G are less common; types E and F can cause disease in humans, while the opposite types cause disease in other animals. neurotoxin types A and B are utilized in medicine to treat various muscle spasms.
Botulinum toxin is the most poison known. Intoxication can occur naturally as a result of either wound or intestinal infection or by ingesting preformed toxin in food. The estimated human dose of A toxin is 1.3–2.1 ng/kg intravenously or intramuscularly, 10–13 ng/kg when inhaled, or 1000 ng/kg when taken orally. Commercial forms are marketed under the brand names Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA), Dysport/Azzalure (abobotulinumtoxinA),Xeomin/Bocouture (incobotulinumtoxinA), and Juneau (prabotulinumtoxinA)